The Copernican Revolution
A timeline with links.
http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/people/faculty/tenn/CopernicanRevolution.html

Flat Earth Historical Thinking
History of the belief that the earth is flat.
http://www.ethicalatheist.com/docs/flat_earth_myth.html

The Galileo Project - Observing Terrace
Comprehensive and detailed information on the astronomical work of Galileo and his contemporaries, from Rice University.
http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/Villa/observatory.html

Inventing the Solar System
Early Greek scientists struggle to explain how the heavens move.
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/GreekScience/Students/Ellen/EarlyGkAstronomy.html

The Shapley - Curtis Debate in 1920
about the scale of the universe and the nature of spiral nebulae.
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/diamond_jubilee/debate_1920.html

Construction of Cosmology
When and how physical cosmology became a science.
http://www.nd.edu/~histast4/exhibits/papers/kragh.html

Cosmology since 1900
A timeline with links.
http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/people/faculty/tenn/CosmologySince1900.html

History and Philosophy of Twentieth Century Cosmology
Paper presented at an Italian national conference in 1996, with references.
http://albinoni.brera.unimi.it/Atti-Como-96/kragh.html

Thomas Aquinas and Big Bang Cosmology
The development of theological implications of scientific work on origin of the universe.
http://www.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/ti/carroll.htm

Christianity and the Mathematical Sciences - the Heliocentric Hypothesis
Religious influences on Copernicus, Galileo, Brahe and Kepler.
http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/HistTopics/Heliocentric.html

History of Cosmology
A history of our conceptions of the universe from ancient origin myths to the frontiers of modern science. UC Berkeley course syllabus and lecture notes.
http://www.jonathanbaker.org/courses/ay9/

The Copernican Revolution
Brief historical chronology of the development and acceptance of heliocentricity.
http://www.skyscript.co.uk/copernicus.html

History of Cosmology
An overview from the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.
http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Cosmology.html

World Cosmology Histories
Different world viewpoints on cosmology through history.
http://blueox.uoregon.edu/~karen/astro123/lectures/lec01.html